A
principal vantagem do "pg_dump", é permitir a restauração de apenas um banco de dados, ou seja, utilizando o "pg_restore", você escolhe o banco de dados a ser restaurado. Como desvantagem, não faz backup ou permite restore de usuários e schemas do cluster.
Nos exemplos realizados no backup utilizando o "pg_dumpall", utilizaremos um cluster, onde serão utilizados nos exemplos as configurações default:
porta [5432]usuário [postgres]
host [localhost]
sem tablespace.
Backup Parcial
Sintaxe:
pg_dump -Fc -p <porta> -U <usuario> -h <host> <banco_dados> -f <path/nome_arquivo_backup>
Onde:
porta: porta do cluster
usuario: usuário com perfil superusuário
host: identificação do servidor
banco_dados: Banco de Dados a ser backupeado
path/nome_arquivo_backup: Caminho e Nome do arquivo de backup
Exemplo (com usuário postgres):
~$ pg_dump -Fc -p 5432 -U postgres -h localhost bdexemplo -f /backup/backup_bdexemplo_postgres-AAMMDDhhmm.sql
Exemplo (com usuário root):
~# su - postgres -c 'pg_dump -Fc -p 5432 -U postgres -h localhost bdexemplo -f /backup/backup_bdexemplo_postgres-AAMMDDhhmm.sql'
Restore Parcial
Sintaxe:
pg_restore -p <porta> -U <usuario> -h <host> -d <banco_dados_> <path/nome_arquivo_backup>
Exemplo (com usuário postgres):
~$ pg_restore -p 5432 -U postgres -h localhost -d bdexemplo /backup/backup_bdexemplo_postgres-AAMMDDhhmm.sql
Veja também:
- Backup Full PostgreSQL com "pg_dumpall"
- Backup Completo PostgreSQL com "pg_dumpall" e "pg_dump" (em breve)
- Backup PostgreSQL com Point-In-Time Recovery (PITR) (em breve)
Vale lembrar, que os exemplos acima são básicos e facilitam nossos trabalhos no dia a dia, uma vez estes utilitários possuem outros recursos adicionais, a saber.
Help "pg_dump"
~$ pg_dump --help
pg_dump dumps a database as a text file or to other formats.
Usage:
pg_dump [OPTION]... [DBNAME]
General options:
-f, --file=FILENAME output file or directory name
-F, --format=c|d|t|p output file format (custom, directory, tar, plain text)
-v, --verbose verbose mode
-Z, --compress=0-9 compression level for compressed formats
--lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock
--help show this help, then exit
--version output version information, then exit
Options controlling the output content:
-a, --data-only dump only the data, not the schema
-b, --blobs include large objects in dump
-c, --clean clean (drop) database objects before recreating
-C, --create include commands to create database in dump
-E, --encoding=ENCODING dump the data in encoding ENCODING
-n, --schema=SCHEMA dump the named schema(s) only
-N, --exclude-schema=SCHEMA do NOT dump the named schema(s)
-o, --oids include OIDs in dump
-O, --no-owner skip restoration of object ownership in
plain-text format
-s, --schema-only dump only the schema, no data
-S, --superuser=NAME superuser user name to use in plain-text format
-t, --table=TABLE dump the named table(s) only
-T, --exclude-table=TABLE do NOT dump the named table(s)
-x, --no-privileges do not dump privileges (grant/revoke)
--binary-upgrade for use by upgrade utilities only
--column-inserts dump data as INSERT commands with column names
--disable-dollar-quoting disable dollar quoting, use SQL standard quoting
--disable-triggers disable triggers during data-only restore
--inserts dump data as INSERT commands, rather than COPY
--no-security-labels do not dump security label assignments
--no-tablespaces do not dump tablespace assignments
--no-unlogged-table-data do not dump unlogged table data
--quote-all-identifiers quote all identifiers, even if not key words
--serializable-deferrable wait until the dump can run without anomalies
--use-set-session-authorization
use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of
ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership
Connection options:
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory
-p, --port=PORT database server port number
-U, --username=NAME connect as specified database user
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
--role=ROLENAME do SET ROLE before dump
If no database name is supplied, then the PGDATABASE environment
variable value is used.
Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.
Help "pg_restore"
~$ pg_restore --help
pg_restore restores a PostgreSQL database from an archive created by pg_dump.
Usage:
pg_restore [OPTION]... [FILE]
General options:
-d, --dbname=NAME connect to database name
-f, --file=FILENAME output file name
-F, --format=c|d|t backup file format (should be automatic)
-l, --list print summarized TOC of the archive
-v, --verbose verbose mode
--help show this help, then exit
--version output version information, then exit
Options controlling the restore:
-a, --data-only restore only the data, no schema
-c, --clean clean (drop) database objects before recreating
-C, --create create the target database
-e, --exit-on-error exit on error, default is to continue
-I, --index=NAME restore named index
-j, --jobs=NUM use this many parallel jobs to restore
-L, --use-list=FILENAME use table of contents from this file for
selecting/ordering output
-n, --schema=NAME restore only objects in this schema
-O, --no-owner skip restoration of object ownership
-P, --function=NAME(args)
restore named function
-s, --schema-only restore only the schema, no data
-S, --superuser=NAME superuser user name to use for disabling triggers
-t, --table=NAME restore named table
-T, --trigger=NAME restore named trigger
-x, --no-privileges skip restoration of access privileges (grant/revoke)
-1, --single-transaction
restore as a single transaction
--disable-triggers disable triggers during data-only restore
--no-data-for-failed-tables
do not restore data of tables that could not be
created
--no-security-labels do not restore security labels
--no-tablespaces do not restore tablespace assignments
--use-set-session-authorization
use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of
ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership
Connection options:
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory
-p, --port=PORT database server port number
-U, --username=NAME connect as specified database user
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
--role=ROLENAME do SET ROLE before restore
If no input file name is supplied, then standard input is used.
Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.
Sem mais, abraço.
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